Post by pling on Dec 18, 2015 0:14:26 GMT
Fra ec.europa.eu 17. desember 2015
Lithium accumulates in plasma and brains of fish after short-term exposure
- Lithium production has increased dramatically during the past decade. A new study has found that exposure of rainbow trout to lithium results in fast accumulation in plasma and the brain, along with decreased concentrations of ions such as sodium.
- The rising use of lithium (Li) in batteries, alloys and drugs will likely continue, not least thanks to lithium batteries used in electric cars. Lithium is also known as a psychoactive drug, used since the 1950s as a mood stabiliser. Through environmental exposure, it has the potential to affect the physiology and body regulation of some species.
- The study looked at the effects of short-term exposure to Li on rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss). The fish were exposed to a concentration of 1 mg Li per litre (l) for four days during three separate experiments. For comparison, ambient concentrations of Li in the world’s major lakes range from 0.014–14 mg/l3.
- The results showed Li to be highly bioavailable to fish. Lithium ions increased in the plasma after only eight hours, and in the brain after two days. After four days, the Li concentration in the brain had reached 44% of the plasma concentration, showing that Li had efficiently crossed the blood-brain barrier.
- Meanwhile, several major ions such as sodium and calcium were depleted in plasma, and sodium, magnesium, potassium and ammonium in the brain, compared to control levels. This could severely impact the cellular function and body systems of the fish, with potential implications for survival. The authors suggest that the cause could be competition of the Li ions with sodium ions, leading to a disturbance of steady levels of sodium in cells, including those in the brain.
Det sies ikke noe om de positive effektene dette vil ha på bipolare fisk eller på fisk som får en krok i hjernen, blir snurpet sammen i et garn eller spist av større fisk. Men uansett hvor reell disse effektene er eller ikke, er det dumt å kaste batteriene i sjøen.
Wikipedia sier følgende om lithium:
- Litium er vanlig forekommende i naturen, men på grunn av sin reaktivitet forekommer det ikke i fri form. I tråd med opprinnelsen til sitt navn, forekommer litium i nesten alle vulkanske bergarter og er også funnet i mange naturlige saltløsninger. Litium er det 31. mest vanlige elementet og forekommer spesielt i mineralene spodumen, lepidolitt, petalitt, og amblygonitt.
Det store spørsmålet blir da hvordan lithium som ikke finnes i fri form pga. høy reaksjonsevne blir tilgjengelig for fisken?
Lithium accumulates in plasma and brains of fish after short-term exposure
- Lithium production has increased dramatically during the past decade. A new study has found that exposure of rainbow trout to lithium results in fast accumulation in plasma and the brain, along with decreased concentrations of ions such as sodium.
- The rising use of lithium (Li) in batteries, alloys and drugs will likely continue, not least thanks to lithium batteries used in electric cars. Lithium is also known as a psychoactive drug, used since the 1950s as a mood stabiliser. Through environmental exposure, it has the potential to affect the physiology and body regulation of some species.
- The study looked at the effects of short-term exposure to Li on rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss). The fish were exposed to a concentration of 1 mg Li per litre (l) for four days during three separate experiments. For comparison, ambient concentrations of Li in the world’s major lakes range from 0.014–14 mg/l3.
- The results showed Li to be highly bioavailable to fish. Lithium ions increased in the plasma after only eight hours, and in the brain after two days. After four days, the Li concentration in the brain had reached 44% of the plasma concentration, showing that Li had efficiently crossed the blood-brain barrier.
- Meanwhile, several major ions such as sodium and calcium were depleted in plasma, and sodium, magnesium, potassium and ammonium in the brain, compared to control levels. This could severely impact the cellular function and body systems of the fish, with potential implications for survival. The authors suggest that the cause could be competition of the Li ions with sodium ions, leading to a disturbance of steady levels of sodium in cells, including those in the brain.
Det sies ikke noe om de positive effektene dette vil ha på bipolare fisk eller på fisk som får en krok i hjernen, blir snurpet sammen i et garn eller spist av større fisk. Men uansett hvor reell disse effektene er eller ikke, er det dumt å kaste batteriene i sjøen.
Wikipedia sier følgende om lithium:
- Litium er vanlig forekommende i naturen, men på grunn av sin reaktivitet forekommer det ikke i fri form. I tråd med opprinnelsen til sitt navn, forekommer litium i nesten alle vulkanske bergarter og er også funnet i mange naturlige saltløsninger. Litium er det 31. mest vanlige elementet og forekommer spesielt i mineralene spodumen, lepidolitt, petalitt, og amblygonitt.
Det store spørsmålet blir da hvordan lithium som ikke finnes i fri form pga. høy reaksjonsevne blir tilgjengelig for fisken?